Mixed integer linear programming math¶
Pre-defined extra math to apply mixed integer linear programming math on top of the base mathematical formulation.
This math is only applied if referenced in the config.init.extra_math list as "milp".
A guide to math documentation¶
If a math component's initial conditions are met (the first if statement), it will be applied to a model.
For each objective, constraint and global expression, a number of sub-conditions then apply (the subsequent, indented if statements) to decide on the specific expression to apply at a given iteration of the component dimensions.
In the expressions, terms in bold font are decision variables and terms in italic font are parameters.
The decision variables and parameters are listed at the end of the page; they also refer back to the global expressions / constraints in which they are used.
Those parameters which are defined over time (timesteps) in the expressions can be defined by a user as a single, time invariant value, or as a timeseries that is loaded from file or dataframe.
Note
For every math component in the documentation, we include the YAML snippet that was used to generate the math in a separate tab.
Download the mixed integer linear programming math formulation as a YAML file
Objective¶
min_cost_optimisation (active)¶
Minimise the total cost of installing and operating all technologies in the system. If multiple cost classes are present (e.g., monetary and co2 emissions), the weighted sum of total costs is minimised. Cost class weights can be defined in the indexed parameter objective_cost_weights.
description: Minimise the total cost of installing and operating all
technologies in the system. If multiple cost classes are present (e.g.,
monetary and co2 emissions), the weighted sum of total costs is minimised.
Cost class weights can be defined in the indexed parameter
`objective_cost_weights`.
equations:
- where: any(cost, over=[nodes, techs, costs])
expression: "sum(\n sum(cost, over=[nodes, techs])\n * objective_cost_weights,\n\
\ over=costs\n) + $unmet_demand"
- where: NOT any(cost, over=[nodes, techs, costs])
expression: $unmet_demand
sub_expressions:
unmet_demand:
- where: config.ensure_feasibility==True
expression: "sum(\n sum(unmet_demand - unused_supply, over=[carriers, nodes])\n\
\ * timestep_weights,\n over=timesteps\n) * bigM"
- where: NOT config.ensure_feasibility==True
expression: '0'
sense: minimise
Subject to¶
area_use_capacity_per_loc¶
Set an upper bound on the total area that all technologies with area_use can occupy at a given node.
Uses
area_use_minimum¶
Set the lower bound on a technology's area use for any technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity purchasing.
description: Set the lower bound on a technology's area use for any technology
with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity purchasing.
equations:
- where: NOT purchased_units
expression: area_use >= area_use_min
- where: purchased_units
expression: area_use >= area_use_min * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: area_use_min
area_use_per_flow_capacity¶
Set a fixed relationship between a technology's flow capacity and its area use.
async_flow_in_milp¶
Set a technology's ability to have inflow in the same timestep that it has outflow, for any technology using the asynchronous flow binary switch.
Uses
description: Set a technology's ability to have inflow in the same timestep that
it has outflow, for any technology using the asynchronous flow binary switch.
equations:
- expression: sum(flow_in, over=carriers) <= (1 - async_flow_switch) * bigM
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: async_flow_switch
async_flow_out_milp¶
Set a technology's ability to have outflow in the same timestep that it has inflow, for any technology using the asynchronous flow binary switch.
description: Set a technology's ability to have outflow in the same timestep
that it has inflow, for any technology using the asynchronous flow binary
switch.
equations:
- expression: sum(flow_out, over=carriers) <= async_flow_switch * bigM
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: async_flow_switch
available_flow_cap_binary¶
Limit flow capacity to zero if the technology is not operating in a given timestep.
available_flow_cap_continuous¶
Limit flow capacity to the value of the flow_cap decision variable when the technology is operating in a given timestep.
available_flow_cap_max_binary_continuous_switch¶
Force flow capacity to equal the value of the flow_cap decision variable if the technology is operating in a given timestep, zero otherwise.
description: Force flow capacity to equal the value of the `flow_cap` decision
variable if the technology is operating in a given timestep, zero otherwise.
equations:
- expression: available_flow_cap >= flow_cap + ((operating_units -
purchased_units) * flow_cap_max)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: available_flow_cap
balance_conversion¶
Fix the relationship between a conversion technology's outflow and consumption.
balance_demand¶
Set the upper bound on, or a fixed total of, that a demand technology must dump to its sink in each timestep.
description: Set the upper bound on, or a fixed total of, that a demand
technology must dump to its sink in each timestep.
equations:
- where: sink_use_equals
expression: flow_in_inc_eff == sink_use_equals * $sink_scaler
- where: NOT sink_use_equals AND sink_use_max
expression: flow_in_inc_eff <= sink_use_max * $sink_scaler
sub_expressions:
sink_scaler:
- where: sink_unit==per_area
expression: area_use
- where: sink_unit==per_cap
expression: sum(flow_cap, over=carriers)
- where: sink_unit==absolute
expression: '1'
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: base_tech==demand
balance_demand_min_use¶
Set the lower bound on the quantity of flow a demand technology must dump to its sink in each timestep.
description: Set the lower bound on the quantity of flow a `demand` technology
must dump to its sink in each timestep.
equations:
- expression: flow_in_inc_eff >= sink_use_min * $sink_scaler
sub_expressions:
sink_scaler:
- where: sink_unit==per_area
expression: area_use
- where: sink_unit==per_cap
expression: sum(flow_cap, over=carriers)
- where: sink_unit==absolute
expression: '1'
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: sink_use_min AND NOT sink_use_equals AND base_tech==demand
balance_storage¶
Fix the quantity of carrier stored in a storage technology at the end of each timestep based on the net flow of carrier charged and discharged and the quantity of carrier stored at the start of the timestep.
Uses
description: Fix the quantity of carrier stored in a `storage` technology at the
end of each timestep based on the net flow of carrier charged and discharged
and the quantity of carrier stored at the start of the timestep.
equations:
- expression: "storage == $storage_previous_step -\n sum(flow_out_inc_eff, over=carriers)
+ sum(flow_in_inc_eff, over=carriers)"
sub_expressions:
storage_previous_step:
- where: timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND NOT cyclic_storage==True
expression: storage_initial * storage_cap
- where: "(\n (timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND cyclic_storage==True)\n\
\ OR NOT timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0)\n) AND NOT cluster_first_timestep==True"
expression: (1 - storage_loss) ** roll(timestep_resolution, timesteps=1) *
roll(storage, timesteps=1)
- where: cluster_first_timestep==True AND NOT
(timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND NOT cyclic_storage==True)
expression: (1 - storage_loss) **
select_from_lookup_arrays(timestep_resolution,
timesteps=lookup_cluster_last_timestep) *
select_from_lookup_arrays(storage, timesteps=lookup_cluster_last_timestep)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: (include_storage==true or base_tech==storage) AND NOT (base_tech==supply
OR base_tech==demand)
balance_supply_min_use¶
Set the lower bound on the quantity of its source a supply technology must use in each timestep.
description: Set the lower bound on the quantity of its source a `supply`
technology must use in each timestep.
equations:
- expression: source_use >= source_use_min * $source_scaler
sub_expressions:
source_scaler:
- where: source_unit==per_area
expression: area_use
- where: source_unit==per_cap
expression: sum(flow_cap, over=carriers)
- where: source_unit==absolute
expression: '1'
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: source_use_min AND NOT source_use_equals AND base_tech==supply
balance_supply_no_storage¶
Fix the outflow of a supply technology to its consumption of the available source.
balance_supply_with_storage¶
Fix the outflow of a supply technology to its consumption of the available source, with a storage buffer to temporally offset the outflow from source consumption.
Uses
description: Fix the outflow of a `supply` technology to its consumption of the
available source, with a storage buffer to temporally offset the outflow from
source consumption.
equations:
- expression: storage == $storage_previous_step + source_use * source_eff -
flow_out_inc_eff
sub_expressions:
storage_previous_step:
- where: timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND NOT cyclic_storage==True
expression: storage_initial * storage_cap
- where: "(\n (timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND cyclic_storage==True)\n\
\ OR NOT timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0)\n) AND NOT cluster_first_timestep==True"
expression: (1 - storage_loss) ** roll(timestep_resolution, timesteps=1) *
roll(storage, timesteps=1)
- where: cluster_first_timestep==True AND NOT
(timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0) AND NOT cyclic_storage==True)
expression: (1 - storage_loss) **
select_from_lookup_arrays(timestep_resolution,
timesteps=lookup_cluster_last_timestep) *
select_from_lookup_arrays(storage, timesteps=lookup_cluster_last_timestep)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: storage AND base_tech==supply
balance_transmission¶
Fix the relationship between between carrier flowing into and out of a transmission link in each timestep.
description: Fix the relationship between between carrier flowing into and out
of a `transmission` link in each timestep.
equations:
- expression: sum(flow_out_inc_eff, over=[nodes, carriers]) ==
sum(flow_in_inc_eff, over=[nodes, carriers])
foreach:
- techs
- timesteps
where: base_tech==transmission
export_balance¶
Set the lower bound of a technology's outflow to a technology's carrier export, for any technologies that can export carriers out of the system.
Uses
flow_capacity_max_purchase_milp¶
Set the upper bound on a technology's flow capacity, for any technology with integer capacity purchasing.
description: Set the upper bound on a technology's flow capacity, for any
technology with integer capacity purchasing.
equations:
- where: flow_cap_max
expression: flow_cap <= flow_cap_max * purchased_units
- where: NOT flow_cap_max
expression: flow_cap <= bigM * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
where: purchased_units
flow_capacity_minimum¶
Set the lower bound on a technology's flow capacity, for any technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity purchasing.
description: Set the lower bound on a technology's flow capacity, for any
technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity
purchasing.
equations:
- where: NOT purchased_units
expression: flow_cap >= flow_cap_min
- where: purchased_units
expression: flow_cap >= flow_cap_min * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
where: flow_cap_min
flow_capacity_per_storage_capacity_max¶
Set the upper bound of storage flow capacity relative to its storage capacity.
flow_capacity_per_storage_capacity_min¶
Set the lower bound of storage flow capacity relative to its storage capacity.
flow_capacity_systemwide_max¶
Set an upper bound on flow capacity of a technology across all nodes in which the technology exists.
flow_capacity_systemwide_min¶
Set a lower bound on flow capacity of a technology across all nodes in which the technology exists.
flow_capacity_units_milp¶
Fix the flow capacity of any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
flow_in_max¶
Set the upper bound of a continuous technology's inflow.
flow_in_max_milp¶
Set the upper bound of a technology's ability to consume carriers, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
description: Set the upper bound of a technology's ability to consume carriers,
for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
equations:
- expression: flow_in <= operating_units * timestep_resolution *
flow_cap_per_unit
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_in AND operating_units AND flow_cap_per_unit
flow_out_max¶
Set the upper bound of a continuous technology's outflow.
flow_out_max_milp¶
Set the upper bound of a technology's ability to produce carriers, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
description: Set the upper bound of a technology's ability to produce carriers,
for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
equations:
- expression: flow_out <= operating_units * timestep_resolution *
flow_cap_per_unit * flow_out_parasitic_eff
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_out AND operating_units AND flow_cap_per_unit
flow_out_min¶
Set the lower bound of a continuous technology's outflow.
flow_out_min_milp¶
Set the lower bound of a technology's ability to produce carriers, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
Uses
description: Set the lower bound of a technology's ability to produce carriers,
for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
equations:
- where: flow_cap_per_unit
expression: flow_out >= operating_units * timestep_resolution *
flow_cap_per_unit * flow_out_min_relative
- where: available_flow_cap
expression: flow_out >= available_flow_cap * timestep_resolution *
flow_out_min_relative
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_out AND operating_units AND flow_out_min_relative
force_zero_area_use¶
Set a technology's area use to zero if its flow capacity upper bound is zero.
Uses
ramping_down¶
Set the upper bound on a technology's ability to ramp outflow down beyond a certain percentage compared to the previous timestep.
description: Set the upper bound on a technology's ability to ramp outflow down
beyond a certain percentage compared to the previous timestep.
equations:
- expression: -1 * flow_ramping * flow_cap <= $flow - roll($flow, timesteps=1)
sub_expressions:
flow:
- where: carrier_out AND NOT carrier_in
expression: flow_out / timestep_resolution
- where: carrier_in AND NOT carrier_out
expression: flow_in / timestep_resolution
- where: carrier_in AND carrier_out
expression: (flow_out - flow_in) / timestep_resolution
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_ramping AND NOT timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0)
ramping_up¶
Set the upper bound on a technology's ability to ramp outflow up beyond a certain percentage compared to the previous timestep.
description: Set the upper bound on a technology's ability to ramp outflow up
beyond a certain percentage compared to the previous timestep.
equations:
- expression: $flow - roll($flow, timesteps=1) <= flow_ramping * flow_cap
sub_expressions:
flow:
- where: carrier_out AND NOT carrier_in
expression: flow_out / timestep_resolution
- where: carrier_in AND NOT carrier_out
expression: flow_in / timestep_resolution
- where: carrier_in AND carrier_out
expression: (flow_out - flow_in) / timestep_resolution
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_ramping AND NOT timesteps==get_val_at_index(timesteps=0)
set_storage_initial¶
Fix the relationship between carrier stored in a storage technology at the start and end of the whole model period.
description: Fix the relationship between carrier stored in a `storage`
technology at the start and end of the whole model period.
equations:
- expression: "storage[timesteps=$final_step] * (\n (1 - storage_loss) ** timestep_resolution[timesteps=$final_step]\n\
) == storage_initial * storage_cap"
slices:
final_step:
- expression: get_val_at_index(timesteps=-1)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: storage AND storage_initial AND cyclic_storage==True
source_availability_supply¶
Set the upper bound on, or a fixed total of, a supply technology's ability to consume its available resource.
description: Set the upper bound on, or a fixed total of, a `supply`
technology's ability to consume its available resource.
equations:
- where: source_use_equals
expression: source_use == source_use_equals * $source_scaler
- where: NOT source_use_equals AND source_use_max
expression: source_use <= source_use_max * $source_scaler
sub_expressions:
source_scaler:
- where: source_unit==per_area
expression: area_use
- where: source_unit==per_cap
expression: sum(flow_cap, over=carriers)
- where: source_unit==absolute
expression: '1'
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: source_use AND (source_use_equals OR source_use_max)
source_capacity_equals_flow_capacity¶
Set a supply technology's flow capacity to equal its source capacity.
source_capacity_minimum¶
Set the lower bound on a technology's source capacity for any supply technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity purchasing.
description: Set the lower bound on a technology's source capacity for any
supply technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer
capacity purchasing.
equations:
- where: NOT purchased_units
expression: source_cap >= source_cap_min
- where: purchased_units
expression: source_cap >= source_cap_min * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: base_tech==supply AND source_cap_min
source_max¶
Set the upper bound of a supply technology's source consumption.
storage_capacity_max_purchase_milp¶
Set the upper bound on a technology's storage capacity, for any technology with integer capacity purchasing.
storage_capacity_minimum¶
Set the lower bound on a technology's storage capacity for any technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity purchasing.
description: Set the lower bound on a technology's storage capacity for any
technology with a non-zero lower bound, with or without integer capacity
purchasing.
equations:
- where: NOT purchased_units
expression: storage_cap >= storage_cap_min
- where: purchased_units
expression: storage_cap >= storage_cap_min * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: storage_cap_min
storage_capacity_units_milp¶
Fix the storage capacity of any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
storage_discharge_depth_limit¶
Set the lower bound of the stored carrier a technology must keep in reserve at all times.
storage_max¶
Set the upper bound of the amount of carrier a technology can store.
Uses
symmetric_transmission¶
Fix the flow capacity of two transmission technologies representing the same link in the system.
system_balance¶
Set the global carrier balance of the optimisation problem by fixing the total production of a given carrier to equal the total consumption of that carrier at every node in every timestep.
description: Set the global carrier balance of the optimisation problem by
fixing the total production of a given carrier to equal the total consumption
of that carrier at every node in every timestep.
equations:
- expression: sum(flow_out, over=techs) - sum(flow_in, over=techs) -
$flow_export + $unmet_demand_and_unused_supply == 0
sub_expressions:
flow_export:
- where: any(carrier_export, over=techs)
expression: sum(flow_export, over=techs)
- where: NOT any(carrier_export, over=techs)
expression: '0'
unmet_demand_and_unused_supply:
- where: config.ensure_feasibility==True
expression: unmet_demand + unused_supply
- where: NOT config.ensure_feasibility==True
expression: '0'
foreach:
- nodes
- carriers
- timesteps
unit_capacity_max_systemwide_milp¶
Set the upper bound on the total number of units of a technology that can be purchased across all nodes where the technology can exist, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
description: Set the upper bound on the total number of units of a technology
that can be purchased across all nodes where the technology can exist, for any
technology using integer units to define its capacity.
equations:
- expression: sum(purchased_units, over=nodes) <= purchased_units_max_systemwide
foreach:
- techs
where: purchased_units AND purchased_units_max_systemwide
unit_capacity_min_systemwide_milp¶
Set the lower bound on the total number of units of a technology that can be purchased across all nodes where the technology can exist, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
description: Set the lower bound on the total number of units of a technology
that can be purchased across all nodes where the technology can exist, for any
technology using integer units to define its capacity.
equations:
- expression: sum(purchased_units, over=nodes) >= purchased_units_min_systemwide
foreach:
- techs
where: purchased_units AND purchased_units_max_systemwide
unit_commitment_milp¶
Set the upper bound of the number of integer units of technology that can exist, for any technology using integer units to define its capacity.
Where¶
cost¶
The total annualised costs of a technology, including installation and operation costs.
Used in
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Total costs
description: The total annualised costs of a technology, including installation
and operation costs.
equations:
- expression: cost_investment_annualised + $cost_operation_sum +
cost_operation_fixed
sub_expressions:
cost_operation_sum:
- where: cost_operation_variable
expression: sum(cost_operation_variable, over=timesteps)
- where: NOT cost_operation_variable
expression: '0'
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
where: cost_investment_annualised OR cost_operation_variable OR
cost_operation_fixed
unit: cost
default: 0
cost_investment¶
The installation costs of a technology, including those linked to the nameplate capacity, land use, storage size, and binary/integer unit purchase.
Uses
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Total investment costs
description: The installation costs of a technology, including those linked to
the nameplate capacity, land use, storage size, and binary/integer unit
purchase.
equations:
- expression: sum(cost_investment_flow_cap, over=carriers) +
cost_investment_storage_cap + cost_investment_source_cap +
cost_investment_area_use + cost_investment_purchase
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
where: cost_investment_flow_cap OR cost_investment_storage_cap OR
cost_investment_source_cap OR cost_investment_area_use OR
cost_investment_purchase
unit: cost
default: 0
cost_investment_annualised¶
An annuity factor has been applied to scale lifetime investment costs to annual values that can be directly compared to operation costs. If the modeling period is not equal to one full year, this will be scaled accordingly.
Used in
Uses
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Equivalent annual investment costs
description: An annuity factor has been applied to scale lifetime investment
costs to annual values that can be directly compared to operation costs. If
the modeling period is not equal to one full year, this will be scaled
accordingly.
equations:
- expression: $annualisation_weight * $depreciation_rate * cost_investment
sub_expressions:
annualisation_weight:
- expression: sum(timestep_resolution * timestep_weights, over=timesteps) /
8760
depreciation_rate:
- where: cost_depreciation_rate
expression: cost_depreciation_rate
- where: NOT cost_depreciation_rate AND cost_interest_rate==0
expression: 1 / lifetime
- where: NOT cost_depreciation_rate AND cost_interest_rate>0
expression: (cost_interest_rate * ((1 + cost_interest_rate) ** lifetime)) /
(((1 + cost_interest_rate) ** lifetime) - 1)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
where: cost_investment
unit: cost
default: 0
cost_investment_area_use¶
The investment costs associated with the area used by a technology.
Used in
Uses
Unit: cost
Default: 0
cost_investment_flow_cap¶
The investment costs associated with the nominal/rated capacity of a technology.
Used in
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Flow capacity investment costs
description: The investment costs associated with the nominal/rated capacity of
a technology.
equations:
- expression: $cost_sum * flow_cap
sub_expressions:
cost_sum:
- where: base_tech==transmission
expression: (cost_flow_cap + cost_flow_cap_per_distance * distance) * 0.5
- where: NOT base_tech==transmission
expression: cost_flow_cap
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- costs
where: flow_cap AND (cost_flow_cap OR cost_flow_cap_per_distance)
unit: cost
default: 0
cost_investment_purchase¶
The investment costs associated with the binary purchase of a technology.
Used in
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Binary purchase investment costs
description: The investment costs associated with the binary purchase of a
technology.
equations:
- where: base_tech==transmission
expression: (cost_purchase + cost_purchase_per_distance * distance) *
purchased_units * 0.5
- where: NOT base_tech==transmission
expression: cost_purchase * purchased_units
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
where: cost_purchase AND purchased_units
unit: cost
default: 0
order: -1
cost_investment_source_cap¶
The investment costs associated with the source consumption capacity of a technology.
Used in
Unit: cost
Default: 0
cost_investment_storage_cap¶
The investment costs associated with the storage capacity of a technology.
Used in
Unit: cost
Default: 0
cost_operation_fixed¶
The fixed, annual operation costs of a technology, which are calculated relative to investment costs. If the modeling period is not equal to one full year, this will be scaled accordingly.
Used in
Uses
Unit: cost
Default: 0
title: Total fixed operation costs
description: The fixed, annual operation costs of a technology, which are
calculated relative to investment costs. If the modeling period is not equal
to one full year, this will be scaled accordingly.
equations:
- expression: "$annualisation_weight * (\n sum(cost_om_annual * flow_cap, over=carriers)
+\n cost_investment * cost_om_annual_investment_fraction\n)"
sub_expressions:
annualisation_weight:
- expression: sum(timestep_resolution * timestep_weights, over=timesteps) /
8760
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
where: cost_investment AND (cost_om_annual OR
cost_om_annual_investment_fraction)
unit: cost
default: 0
cost_operation_variable¶
The operating costs per timestep of a technology.
Used in
Uses
Unit: \(\frac{\text{cost}}{\text{hour}}\)
Default: 0
title: Variable operating costs
description: The operating costs per timestep of a technology.
equations:
- expression: timestep_weights * ($cost_export + $cost_flow_out + $cost_flow_in)
sub_expressions:
cost_export:
- where: any(carrier_export, over=carriers) AND any(cost_export,
over=carriers)
expression: sum(cost_export * flow_export, over=carriers)
- where: NOT (any(carrier_export, over=carriers) AND any(cost_export,
over=carriers))
expression: '0'
cost_flow_in:
- where: base_tech==supply
expression: cost_flow_in * source_use
- where: NOT base_tech==supply
expression: sum(cost_flow_in * flow_in, over=carriers)
cost_flow_out:
- expression: sum(cost_flow_out * flow_out, over=carriers)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- costs
- timesteps
where: cost_export OR cost_flow_in OR cost_flow_out
unit: $\frac{\text{cost}}{\text{hour}}$
default: 0
flow_in_inc_eff¶
Inflows after taking efficiency losses into account.
Used in
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Carrier inflow including losses
description: Inflows after taking efficiency losses into account.
equations:
- where: base_tech==transmission
expression: flow_in * flow_in_eff * flow_in_eff_per_distance ** distance
- where: NOT base_tech==transmission
expression: flow_in * flow_in_eff
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_in
unit: energy
default: 0
flow_out_inc_eff¶
Outflows after taking efficiency losses into account.
Used in
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Carrier outflow including losses
description: Outflows after taking efficiency losses into account.
equations:
- where: base_tech==transmission
expression: "flow_out / (\n flow_out_eff * flow_out_parasitic_eff *\n flow_out_eff_per_distance
** distance\n)"
- where: NOT base_tech==transmission
expression: flow_out / (flow_out_eff * flow_out_parasitic_eff)
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: flow_out
unit: energy
default: 0
Decision Variables¶
area_use¶
The area in space utilised directly (e.g., solar PV panels) or indirectly (e.g., biofuel crops) by a technology. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase variable.
Used in
Unit: area
Default: 0
title: Area utilisation
description: The area in space utilised directly (e.g., solar PV panels) or
indirectly (e.g., biofuel crops) by a technology. Minimum is set to 0 and
handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase variable.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: (area_use_min OR area_use_max OR area_use_per_flow_cap OR
sink_unit==per_area OR source_unit==per_area)
unit: area
default: 0
bounds:
max: area_use_max
min: 0
async_flow_switch¶
Binary switch to force asynchronous outflow/consumption of technologies with both flow_in and flow_out defined. This ensures that a technology with carrier flow efficiencies < 100% cannot produce and consume a flow simultaneously to remove unwanted carrier from the system.
Uses
Unit: integer
Default: 0
title: Asynchronous carrier flow switch
description: Binary switch to force asynchronous outflow/consumption of
technologies with both `flow_in` and `flow_out` defined. This ensures that a
technology with carrier flow efficiencies < 100% cannot produce and consume a
flow simultaneously to remove unwanted carrier from the system.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: force_async_flow==True
unit: integer
default: 0
domain: integer
bounds:
max: 1
min: 0
available_flow_cap¶
Flow capacity that will be set to zero if the technology is not operating in a given timestep and will be set to the value of the decision variable flow_cap otherwise. This is useful when you want to set a minimum flow capacity for any technology investment, but also want to allow the model to decide the capacity. It is expected to only be used when purchased_units_max == 1, i.e., the purchased_units decision variable is binary. If purchased_units_max > 1, you may get strange results and should instead use the less flexible flow_cap_per_unit.
Used in
Unit: power
Default: 0
title: Available carrier flow capacity
description: Flow capacity that will be set to zero if the technology is not
operating in a given timestep and will be set to the value of the decision
variable `flow_cap` otherwise. This is useful when you want to set a minimum
flow capacity for any technology investment, but also want to allow the model
to decide the capacity. It is expected to only be used when
`purchased_units_max == 1`, i.e., the `purchased_units` decision variable is
binary. If `purchased_units_max > 1`, you may get strange results and should
instead use the less flexible `flow_cap_per_unit`.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: integer_dispatch==True AND flow_cap_max AND NOT flow_cap_per_unit
unit: power
default: 0
bounds:
min: 0
flow_cap¶
A technology's flow capacity, also known as its nominal or nameplate capacity. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase variable.
Used in
- area_use_per_flow_capacity
- available_flow_cap_continuous
- available_flow_cap_max_binary_continuous_switch
- balance_demand
- balance_demand_min_use
- balance_supply_min_use
- cost_investment_flow_cap
- cost_operation_fixed
- flow_capacity_max_purchase_milp
- flow_capacity_minimum
- flow_capacity_per_storage_capacity_max
- flow_capacity_per_storage_capacity_min
- flow_capacity_systemwide_max
- flow_capacity_systemwide_min
- flow_capacity_units_milp
- flow_in_max
- flow_out_max
- flow_out_min
- ramping_down
- ramping_up
- source_availability_supply
- source_capacity_equals_flow_capacity
- symmetric_transmission
Uses
Unit: power
Default: 0
title: Technology flow (a.k.a. nominal) capacity
description: A technology's flow capacity, also known as its nominal or
nameplate capacity. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint
to handle the integer purchase variable.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
unit: power
default: 0
bounds:
max: flow_cap_max
min: 0
flow_export¶
The flow of a carrier exported outside the system boundaries by a technology per timestep.
Unit: energy
Default: 0
flow_in¶
The inflow to a technology per timestep, also known as the flow consumed (by storage technologies) or the flow sent (by transmission technologies) on a link.
Used in
Uses
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Carrier inflow
description: The inflow to a technology per timestep, also known as the flow
consumed (by `storage` technologies) or the flow sent (by `transmission`
technologies) on a link.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: carrier_in
unit: energy
default: 0
bounds:
min: 0
flow_out¶
The outflow of a technology per timestep, also known as the flow discharged (from storage technologies) or the flow received (by transmission technologies) on a link.
Used in
Uses
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Carrier outflow
description: The outflow of a technology per timestep, also known as the flow
discharged (from `storage` technologies) or the flow received (by
`transmission` technologies) on a link.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- carriers
- timesteps
where: carrier_out
unit: energy
default: 0
bounds:
min: 0
link_flow_cap¶
A transmission technology's flow capacity, also known as its nominal or nameplate capacity.
Used in
Uses
Unit: power
Default: 0
operating_units¶
Integer number of a technology that is operating in each timestep, for any technology set to require integer capacity purchasing.
Used in
Unit: integer
Default: 0
title: Number of operating units
description: Integer number of a technology that is operating in each timestep,
for any technology set to require integer capacity purchasing.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
- timesteps
where: integer_dispatch==True AND cap_method==integer
unit: integer
default: 0
domain: integer
bounds:
min: 0
purchased_units¶
Integer number of a technology that has been purchased, for any technology set to require integer capacity purchasing. This is used to allow installation of fixed capacity units of technologies ( if flow_cap_max == flow_cap_min) and/or to set a fixed cost for a technology, irrespective of its installed capacity. On top of a fixed technology cost, a continuous cost for the quantity of installed capacity can still be applied.
Since technology capacity is no longer a continuous decision variable, it is possible for these technologies to have a lower bound set on outflow/consumption which will only be enforced in those timesteps that the technology is operating. Otherwise, the same lower bound forces the technology to produce/consume that minimum amount of carrier in every timestep.
Used in
- area_use_minimum
- available_flow_cap_max_binary_continuous_switch
- cost_investment_purchase
- flow_capacity_max_purchase_milp
- flow_capacity_minimum
- flow_capacity_units_milp
- source_capacity_minimum
- storage_capacity_max_purchase_milp
- storage_capacity_minimum
- storage_capacity_units_milp
- unit_capacity_max_systemwide_milp
- unit_capacity_min_systemwide_milp
- unit_commitment_milp
Unit: integer
Default: 0
title: Number of purchased units
description: "Integer number of a technology that has been purchased, for any technology
set to require integer capacity purchasing. This is used to allow installation of
fixed capacity units of technologies ( if `flow_cap_max` == `flow_cap_min`) and/or
to set a fixed cost for a technology, irrespective of its installed capacity. On
top of a fixed technology cost, a continuous cost for the quantity of installed
capacity can still be applied.\nSince technology capacity is no longer a continuous
decision variable, it is possible for these technologies to have a lower bound set
on outflow/consumption which will only be enforced in those timesteps that the technology
is operating. Otherwise, the same lower bound forces the technology to produce/consume
that minimum amount of carrier in *every* timestep."
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: cap_method==integer
unit: integer
default: 0
domain: integer
bounds:
max: purchased_units_max
min: purchased_units_min
source_cap¶
The upper limit on a flow that can be consumed from outside the system boundaries by a supply technology in each timestep. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase variable.
Used in
Uses
Unit: power
Default: 0
title: Source flow capacity
description: The upper limit on a flow that can be consumed from outside the
system boundaries by a `supply` technology in each timestep. Minimum is set to
0 and handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase
variable.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: base_tech==supply
unit: power
default: 0
bounds:
max: source_cap_max
min: 0
source_use¶
The carrier flow consumed from outside the system boundaries by a supply technology.
Used in
Uses
Unit: energy
Default: 0
storage¶
The carrier stored by a storage technology in each timestep.
Used in
Uses
Unit: energy
Default: 0
storage_cap¶
The upper limit on a carrier that can be stored by a technology in any timestep. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint to handle the integer purchase variable.
Used in
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Stored carrier capacity
description: The upper limit on a carrier that can be stored by a technology in
any timestep. Minimum is set to 0 and handled in a distinct constraint to
handle the integer purchase variable.
foreach:
- nodes
- techs
where: include_storage==True OR base_tech==storage
unit: energy
default: 0
bounds:
max: storage_cap_max
min: 0
unmet_demand¶
Virtual source of carrier flow to ensure model feasibility. This should only be considered a debugging rather than a modelling tool as it may distort the model in other ways due to the large impact it has on the objective function value. When present in a model in which it has been requested, it indicates an inability for technologies in the model to reach a sufficient combined supply capacity to meet demand.
Used in
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Unmet demand (load shedding)
description: Virtual source of carrier flow to ensure model feasibility. This
should only be considered a debugging rather than a modelling tool as it may
distort the model in other ways due to the large impact it has on the
objective function value. When present in a model in which it has been
requested, it indicates an inability for technologies in the model to reach a
sufficient combined supply capacity to meet demand.
foreach:
- nodes
- carriers
- timesteps
where: config.ensure_feasibility==True
unit: energy
default: 0
bounds:
min: 0
unused_supply¶
Virtual sink of carrier flow to ensure model feasibility. This should only be considered a debugging rather than a modelling tool as it may distort the model in other ways due to the large impact it has on the objective function value. In model results, the negation of this variable is combined with unmet_demand and presented as only one variable: unmet_demand. When present in a model in which it has been requested, it indicates an inability for technologies in the model to reach a sufficient combined consumption capacity to meet required outflow (e.g. from renewables without the possibility of curtailment).
Used in
Unit: energy
Default: 0
title: Unused supply (curtailment)
description: 'Virtual sink of carrier flow to ensure model feasibility. This should
only be considered a debugging rather than a modelling tool as it may distort the
model in other ways due to the large impact it has on the objective function value.
In model results, the negation of this variable is combined with `unmet_demand`
and presented as only one variable: `unmet_demand`. When present in a model in which
it has been requested, it indicates an inability for technologies in the model to
reach a sufficient combined consumption capacity to meet required outflow (e.g.
from renewables without the possibility of curtailment).'
foreach:
- nodes
- carriers
- timesteps
where: config.ensure_feasibility==True
unit: energy
default: 0
bounds:
max: 0
Parameters¶
area_use_max¶
If set to a finite value, limits the upper bound of the area_use decision variable to this value.
Used in
Unit: \(\text{area}\)
Default: inf
area_use_min¶
Limits the lower bound of the area_use decision variable to this value.
Used in
Unit: \(\text{area}\)
Default: 0
area_use_per_flow_cap¶
If set, forces area_use to follow flow_cap with the given numerical ratio (e.g. setting to 1.5 means that area_use == 1.5 * flow_cap).
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\text{area}}{\text{power}}\)
Default: nan
available_area¶
Available area for resource area use by all technologies at a node.
Used in
Unit: area.
Default: inf
bigM¶
BigM is a large value used to define certain optimisation problems. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_M_method for more information. This value should be larger than the largest values that any decision variables can take, but should not be too large (i.e., do not set it greater than 3 orders of magnitude above the numeric range of the model). If too large, numerical problems may arise in the optimisation.
Used in
Unit: unitless
Default: 1000000.0
cost_area_use¶
Cost per unit area_use.
Used in
Unit: \(\text{area}\)
Default: 0
cost_depreciation_rate¶
Applied to "annualise" investment costs so they are comparable to variable costs. If not provided, this will be calculated using technology lifetime and cost_interest_rate.
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1
cost_export¶
Cost per unit of flow_export in each timestep. Usually used in the negative sense, as a subsidy.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{energy}}\)
Default: 0
cost_flow_cap¶
Cost per unit of the decision variable flow_cap.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{power}}\)
Default: 0
cost_flow_cap_per_distance¶
Cost per unit of the decision variable flow_cap and per unit distance of a transmission link. Applied to transmission links only.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{power}\times\text{distance}}\)
Default: 0
cost_flow_in¶
Cost per unit of flow_in in each timestep. Also used as the cost per unit of source_use in supply technologies.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{energy}}\)
Default: 0
cost_flow_out¶
Cost per unit of flow_out in each timestep.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{energy}}\)
Default: 0
cost_interest_rate¶
Used when computing levelized costs and technology depreciation_rate (relative to lifetime).
Used in
Unit: unitless
Default: 0
cost_om_annual¶
Annual costs applied per unit flow_cap. These costs are not subject to being recalculated relative to technology lifetime, only scaled to reflect the fraction of one year that the model represents (e.g., 7 days ~= 0.02 of a year).
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{power}}\)
Default: 0
cost_om_annual_investment_fraction¶
Add an additional cost to total investment costs (except cost_om_annual) that is a fraction of that total.
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 0
cost_purchase¶
Cost applied to the variable purchased_units. Requires the parameter cap_method to be integer.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{unit}}\)
Default: 0
cost_purchase_per_distance¶
Cost applied if the binary variable purchased is 1 or per unit of the integer variable units. Requires the parameter cap_method to be integer.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{unit}\times\text{distance}}\)
Default: 0
cost_source_cap¶
Cost per unit source_cap.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{power}}\)
Default: 0
cost_storage_cap¶
Cost per unit storage_cap, i.e., the maximum available capacity of the storage technology's "reservoir".
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\{cost}}{\text{energy}}\)
Default: 0
distance¶
Used for ..._per_distance constraints. If not defined, it will be automatically derived from latitude/longitude of nodes in a link.
Unit: distance.
Default: 1.0
export_max¶
If carrier_export is defined, limit the allowed export of produced carrier for a technology.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: inf
export_min¶
If carrier_export is defined, set a lower bound on the amount of produced carrier that must be exported for a technology.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: 0
flow_cap_max¶
Limits flow_cap to a maximum.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: inf
flow_cap_max_systemwide¶
Limits the sum of flow_cap over all nodes in the model to a maximum. If cap_method=integer, this will be scaled by the number of integer units of a technology purchased.
Used in
Unit: power or \(\frac{\text{power}}{\text{unit}}\)
Default: inf
flow_cap_min¶
Limits flow_cap to a minimum. NOTE: this will force flow_cap to a minimum value unless cap_method is set to integer. If cap_method=integer, this will be scaled by the number of integer units of a technology purchased.
Used in
Unit: power or \(\frac{\text{power}}{\text{unit}}\)
Default: 0
flow_cap_min_systemwide¶
Limits the sum of flow_cap over all nodes in the model to a minimum. NOTE: this will force the sum of flow_cap to a minimum value unless cap_method is set to integer.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: 0
flow_cap_per_storage_cap_max¶
ratio of maximum charge/discharge (kW) for a given storage capacity (kWh).
Unit: \(\text{hour}^{-1}\)
Default: inf
flow_cap_per_storage_cap_min¶
ratio of minimum charge/discharge (kW) for a given storage capacity (kWh).
Unit: \(\text{hour}^{-1}\)
Default: 0
flow_cap_per_unit¶
Set the capacity of each integer unit of a technology purchased, if cap_method is integer.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\text{power}}{\text{unit}}\)
Default: inf
flow_in_eff¶
Conversion efficiency from source/flow_in (tech dependent) into the technology. Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1.0
flow_in_eff_per_distance¶
Total link efficiency will be calculated as \(\text{flow\_in\_eff}\times{}\text{flow\_in\_eff\_per\_distance}^\text{distance}\). Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\text{1}}{\text{distance}}\)
Default: 1.0
flow_out_eff¶
Conversion efficiency from the technology to sink/flow_out (tech dependent). Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1.0
flow_out_eff_per_distance¶
Total link efficiency will be calculated as \(\text{flow\_out\_eff}\times{}\text{flow\_out\_eff\_per\_distance}^\text{distance}\). Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\text{1}}{\text{distance}}\)
Default: 1.0
flow_out_min_relative¶
Set to a value between 0 and 1 to force minimum flow_out as a fraction of the technology rated capacity. If non-zero and cap_method is continuous, this will force the technology to operate above its minimum value at every timestep.
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 0
flow_out_parasitic_eff¶
Additional losses as flow gets transferred from the plant to the carrier, e.g. due to plant parasitic consumption. Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1.0
flow_ramping¶
limit maximum outflow / inflow / outflow - inflow (technology base class dependent) to a fraction of maximum capacity, which increases by that fraction at each timestep.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{1}{\text{hour}}\)
Default: 1.0
lifetime¶
Must be defined if fixed capital costs are defined. A reasonable value for many technologies is around 20-25 years.
Used in
Unit: years.
Default: inf
objective_cost_weights¶
Weightings for cost classes to apply in the objective function.
Used in
Unit: unitless
Default: 1
purchased_units_max¶
Limits the upper bound of units purchased if cap_method is integer. If set to 1, will effectively set the purchased_units to a binary decision variable.
Used in
Unit: integer.
Default: inf
purchased_units_max_systemwide¶
sets the upper bound of the sum across all nodes of the decision variable units for a particular technology.
Unit: integer.
Default: inf
purchased_units_min¶
Limits the lower bound of units purchased if cap_method is integer.
Used in
Unit: integer.
Default: 0
purchased_units_min_systemwide¶
sets the lower bound of the sum across all nodes of the decision variable units for a particular technology.
Unit: integer.
Default: 0
sink_use_equals¶
Required amount of carrier removal from the system (e.g., electricity demand, transport distance). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Used in
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: nan
sink_use_max¶
Maximum sink use to remove a carrier from the system (e.g., electricity demand, transport distance). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Used in
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: inf
sink_use_min¶
Minimum sink use to remove a carrier from the system (e.g., electricity demand, transport distance). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Used in
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: 0
source_cap_max¶
Upper limit on source_cap decision variable.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: inf
source_cap_min¶
Lower limit on source_cap decision variable.
Used in
Unit: power.
Default: 0
source_eff¶
Conversion efficiency from the technology from source. Set as value between 1 (no loss) and 0 (all lost).
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1.0
source_use_equals¶
Required amount of carrier removal from the system (e.g., biofuel, coal, rainfall, wind flow). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: nan
source_use_max¶
Maximum sink use to remove a carrier from the system (e.g., biofuel, coal, rainfall, wind flow). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Used in
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: inf
source_use_min¶
Minimum source use to add a carrier from the system (e.g., biofuel, coal, rainfall, wind flow). Unit dictated by source_unit.
Used in
Unit: energy | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{power}}\) | \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{area}}\)
Default: 0
storage_cap_max¶
Limit upper bound of storage_cap decision variable.
Unit: energy.
Default: inf
storage_cap_min¶
Limit lower bound of storage_cap decision variable.
Used in
Unit: energy.
Default: 0
storage_cap_per_unit¶
Set the storage capacity of each integer unit of a technology purchased.
Used in
Unit: \(\frac{\text{energy}}{\text{unit}}\)
Default: inf
storage_discharge_depth¶
Defines the minimum level of storage state of charge, as a fraction of total storage capacity.
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 0
storage_initial¶
Set stored flow in device at the first timestep, as a fraction of total storage capacity.
Unit: unitless.
Default: 0
storage_loss¶
Rate of storage loss per hour, used to calculate lost stored flow as (1 - storage_loss)^hours_per_timestep.
Unit: \(\frac{\text{1}}{\text{hour}}\)
Default: 0
timestep_resolution¶
Used in
Unit: hours.
Default: 1
timestep_weights¶
Used in
Unit: unitless.
Default: 1
base_tech¶
Should be the name of one of the abstract base classes, from which some initial parameter defaults will be derived and with which certain base math will be triggered.
Used in
- balance_conversion
- balance_demand
- balance_demand_min_use
- balance_storage
- balance_supply_min_use
- balance_supply_no_storage
- balance_supply_with_storage
- balance_transmission
- cost_investment_flow_cap
- cost_investment_purchase
- cost_operation_variable
- flow_in_inc_eff
- flow_out_inc_eff
- link_flow_cap
- source_cap
- source_capacity_minimum
- source_use
- storage
- storage_cap
- symmetric_transmission
Default: nan
Type: string
cap_method¶
One of 'continuous' (LP model) or 'integer' (integer/binary unit capacity).
Used in
Default: continuous
Type: string
carrier_export¶
Carrier(s) produced by this technology that can be exported out of the system boundaries without having to go to a pre-defined sink (i.e., via a demand technology). Must be a subset of carrier_out.
Used in
Default: False
Type: bool
carrier_in¶
Carrier(s) consumed by this technology. Only transmission, conversion, storage, and demand technologies can define this parameter
Used in
Default: False
Type: bool
carrier_out¶
Carrier(s) produced by this technology. Only transmission, conversion, storage, and supply technologies can define this parameter
Used in
Default: False
Type: bool
cluster_first_timestep¶
If true, the timestep is the first in the given clustered day.
Default: False
Type: bool
cyclic_storage¶
If true, link storage levels in the last model timestep with the first model timestep. inter_cluster_storage custom math must be included if using time clustering and setting this to true. This must be set to false if using operate mode.
Default: True
Type: bool
force_async_flow¶
If True, non-zero flow_out and flow_in cannot both occur in the same timestep.
Used in
Default: False
Type: bool
include_storage¶
When true, math will be triggered to allow discontinuous carrier inflow and outflows across timesteps.
Default: False
Type: bool
integer_dispatch¶
When true, will limit per-timestep out/inflows relative to the number of units of a technology that are in operation.
Requires cap_method=integer.
Used in
Default: False
Type: bool
lookup_cluster_last_timestep¶
The last timestep of each cluster.
Default: nan
Type: datetime
sink_unit¶
Sets the unit of Sink to either absolute (unit: energy), per_area (unit: energy/area), or per_cap (unit: energy/power). per_area uses the area_use decision variable to scale the sink while per_cap uses the flow_cap decision variable.
Default: absolute
Type: string
source_cap_equals_flow_cap¶
If true, the decision variables source_cap and flow_cap are forced to equal one another.
Default: False
Type: bool
source_unit¶
Sets the unit of Source to either absolute (unit: energy), per_area (unit: energy/area), or per_cap (unit: energy/power). per_area uses the area_use decision variable to scale the source while per_cap uses the flow_cap decision variable.
Default: absolute
Type: string